Effect of quercetin, L-ergothioneine and H89 on sperm motility and kinematic pattern, plasma membrane functionality and in vitro heterologous fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved equine semen.

Semen cryopreservation causes extensive chemical and physical damage to sperm structure, which generates premature aging and reduces viability and fertility of spermatozoa. The addition of antioxidants to freezing extenders can reduce the oxidative damage caused by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the premature aging could be reduced by adding an enzyme inhibitor that prevents an anticipated capacitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of quercetin (Q), L-ergothioneine (E) and H89 addition to cryopreserved equine spermatozoa. Six experimental groups were stablished: control, Q, E, H89, H89Q and H89E. The analyzed parameters were sperm motility and kinematic using computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA), plasma membrane functionality with the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) and fertilizing capability with in vitro heterologous fertilization. Quercetin reduced curvilinear velocity (VCL) and increased beat-cross frequency (BCF), while its combination with H89 (H89Q) reduced total motility, progressive motility, VCL and hyperactive sperm (HA). Likewise, H89 and its combination with E (H89E) decreased VCL and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH). No significant differences were observed among treatments for membrane functionality and fertilizing capacity of sperm. In conclusion H89 in combination with Q and E reduced sperm motility or some kinematic parameters. However, they did not influence plasma membrane functionality and in vitro fertilizing capacity of frozen-thawed equine semen.

Quality and redox state of bovine sperm cryopreserved with resveratrol use of resveratrol in bovine semen.

The use of antioxidants for semen preservation prevents oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the most promising natural antioxidants is resveratrol, a phytoalexin derived from plants, grapes, berries, peanuts and red wine. To evaluate the effect of resveratrol on the quality and redox status of cryopreserved bovine semen. Five bulls were subjected to electroejaculation to obtain 15 ejaculates. Each ejaculate was extended with a tris-egg yolk-glycerol-based medium and divided into six aliquots supplemented with 0 (control), 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 µM of resveratrol. Semen was frozen with liquid nitrogen vapours. Post-thawing, motility and kinetics were evaluated using a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system, membrane integrity using the hypoosmotic test (HOST), morphology by staining with eosin-nigrosin, sperm vitality by fluorescence microscopy with the SYBR14/IP probes. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was evaluated using the ABTS•+ assay and ROS was evaluated using spectrofluorimetry with the H2 DCFDA probe. For the statistical analysis linear models were adjusted and means were compared using the Tukey test. All concentrations of resveratrol reduced post-thawed motility and kinetics of sperm. Supplementation with 40 and 50 µM of resveratrol reduced sperm kinetics, and between 30 and 50 µM of resveratrol alterations in the sperm membrane and morphology were observed. However, using resveratrol at 50 µM increased TAC and at 20 µM, it reduced ROS production of cryopreserved bovine semen. Resveratrol appears to have a dose-dependent effect in which higher doses produce greater sperm alterations, however, it can increase semen TAC during freezing. It is concluded that resveratrol can increase antioxidant capacity and reduce ROS production in cryopreserved bovine semen. However, its use between 10 and 50 µM reduces post-thawing semen quality.

Nanoliposomes for Controlled Release of Cannabinodiol at Relevant Gastrointestinal Conditions.

Cannabidiol (CBD) has significant therapeutic potential; nevertheless, its advance as an effective drug by the pharmaceutical business is hindered by its inherent characteristics, such as low bioavailability, low water solubility, and variable pharmacokinetic profiles. This research aimed to develop nanoliposomes using an easy and low-cost method to improve the hydrosolubility of CBD and achieve a controlled delivery of the active principle under relevant physiological conditions from the mouth to the intestine; the cytotoxic and antitumor activities were also evaluated. To achieve the objective, core-shell nanoliposomes based on CBD were synthesized in three easy steps and characterized in terms of shape, size, surface chemistry, thermal capacity, and surface charge density through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and potential charge (PZ), respectively. CBD-controlled delivery trials were carried out under simulated mouth-duodenal conditions and fitted to Korsmeyer-Peppas and Noyes-Whitney models to conclude about the pharmacokinetics of CBD from nano-CBD. Cytotoxicity studies on nonmalignant human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were carried out to evaluate its safety and the recommended consumption dose, and finally, the antiproliferative capacity of nano-CBD on human colon carcinoma cells (SW480) was determined as beginning proposal for cancer treatment. The characterization results verified the water solubility for the CBD nanoencapsulated, the core-shell structure, the size in the nanometric regime, and the presence of the synthesis components. The dissolution rate at duodenal conditions was higher than that in buccal and stomach environments, respectively, and this behavior was associated with the shell (lecithin) chemical structure, which destabilizes at pH above 7.2, allowing the release by non-Fickian diffusion of CBD as corroborated by the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. In vitro biological tests revealed the innocuousness and cyto-security of nano-CBD up to 1000 mg·L-1 when evaluated on HaCaT cells and concentrations higher than 1000 mg·L-1 showed antitumor activity against human colon carcinoma cells (SW480) taking the first step as a chemotherapeutic proposal. These results are unprecedented and propose a selective delivery system based on nano-CBD at low cost and that provides a new form of administration and chemo treatment.

Low-density lipoproteins, resveratrol and quercetin as alternative additives to improve boar semen cooling.

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL), quercetin (Q) and resveratrol (R) have been used for sperm preservation to improve sperm quality in different species. To evaluate the effects of LDL, Q and R during the cooling of boar semen. Fifteen boar semen samples were diluted in a BTS extender supplemented with the treatments: LDL at 6%, Q at 10 µM (Q10), 30 µM (Q30) and 50 µM (Q50), or R at 10 µM (R10), 30 µM (R30) and 50 µM. A control without supplementation was included. The semen was stored by cooling at 16°C for 96 h. Every 24 h, sperm motility and kinetics were evaluated using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer (IVOS). At 24 and 96 h of cooling, functional membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM) of sperm were evaluated by the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) an flow cytometry with JC-1 probe, respectively, LDL improved progressive motility of sperm during cooling. Likewise, LDL increased average path velocity (VAP) and straight-line velocity (VSL) and/or curvilinear velocity (VCL) during the first 48 h of cooling. The use of Q between 10 and 30 µM caused a reduction in total motility, progressive motility and amplitude of the lateral head displacement during the entire cooling period, as well as a decrease in VAP, VSL and VCL at 96 h of cooling. LDL, Q10, Q30 and Q50 modulated mitochondrial activity by reducing high-ΔΨM sperm at 0 and 96 h of cooling. During the cooling of the boar semen prior to artificial insemination, the parameters of sperm quality that could influence fertility decrease; however, the inclusion of antioxidants and additives that protect the plasma membrane, such as LDL, could mitigate the damaging effects on spermatozoa. It is concluded that LDL can improve the motility and kinetics of boar semen during cooling while it could modulating the sperm's mitochondrial activity. On the contrary, Q could alter the motility and kinetics of boar sperm during the cooling period.

Release of phenolic compounds from fermented cocoa powder during fast heating in a novel hot plate reactor.

This article studies the release of phenolic compounds during cocoa heating under vacuum, N2, and air atmospheres, and proposes fast heating (60 °C • s-1) as a methodology that allows the release of polyphenols from fermented cocoa powder. We aim to demonstrate that gas phase transport is not the only mechanism to extract compounds of interest and that convective-type mechanisms can facilitate the process by reducing their degradation. The oxidation and transport phenomena were evaluated both in the extracted fluid and in the solid sample during the heating process. Polyphenols transport phenomena were assessed based on the fluid (chemical condensate compounds) that was collected cold with an organic solvent (methanol) in a hot plate reactor. Out of all the polyphenolic compounds present in cocoa powder, we assessed specifically the release of catechin and epicatechin. We found that high heating rates combined with vacuum or N2 favor the ejection of liquids; then, it is possible to extract compounds such as catechin-which is dissolved/entrained and transported in the ejected liquids-and avoid degradation phenomena.

Cooling of porcine semen in an extender supplemented with carvacrol.

The addition of antioxidants in boar semen is an alternative to mitigate the reduction of sperm quality during preservation. To evaluate the effect of carvacrol on cooling of boar semen. Fifteen ejaculates from five boars were extended in MR-A® with 0, 5, 10, 15, 15, 20, 25 and 30 µM of carvacrol (C) and were cooled for 5 days at 16°C. Sperm motility and kinetics were evaluated with computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA). At 0 and 96 h, membrane functionality was determined by hypoosmotic test; reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by spectrofluorimetry and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δ¥M) by flow cytometry. Linear models, regression analysis and comparison of means by Duncan test, were conducted. The addition of carvacrol did not influence sperm motility, but at low concentrations decreased ROS production, whereas 30 µM C reduced the membrane functionality and 25 µM C decreased Δ¥M. In addition, regression coefficients showed that C produced a lower rate of decrease in different parameters of sperm motility and kinetics. During cooling there is a reduction in sperm quality due to the excessive production of ROS, generating oxidative stress and affecting cell permeability and functionality. In this study, it was possible to demonstrate the protective activity of C as a molecule capable of neutralizing free radicals. In addition, it has been proposed that C is also capable of reducing peroxyl radicals, superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide. Carvacrol can mitigate the reduction of boar semen quality during the storage period under cooling conditions. Likewise, it can reduce ROS production and modulate the mitochondrial activity of porcine sperm.

Dry food affects the oxidative/antioxidant profile of dogs.

BACKGROUND: Including adequate concentrations of antioxidants in dog diets has been recommended to reduce their vulnerability to the action of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress in dogs has been associated with a wide range of diseases and disorders, as well as with ageing. There are few reports about the influence of diet on dog's antioxidant profile and oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of four types of dry dog food on the oxidative/antioxidant profile of dogs. METHODS: Six Beagle dog males were used. The study included four experimental diets (dry foods A-D). Each dry food was supplied for 5 weeks to all dogs, for a total of 24 weeks, including an adaptation week between one food and another. For each dry dog food, the total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and cytotoxicity were evaluated. Each week, a blood sample was collected to measure ROS and TAC of plasma. A crossover repeated measures design was used. Mixed models were adjusted, and means were compared using the Tukey test. RESULTS: Food A had the highest values for TPC and TAC. Food C had the lowest levels of ROS, whereas food B had the highest TAC in the blood plasma. The dog had a significant influence on the redox state of its blood plasma, even when the same dog was fed the different dry foods. CONCLUSION: Dry dog food influences the oxidative/antioxidant profile of dog's blood plasma; however, this seems to be unrelated to the antioxidant profile of the food.

Improvement of probiotic viability through the design of novel biomaterials using coffee pulp wastes and Lactobacillus rhamnosus.

The immobilization of bacteria cells has shown to be an efficient technology to improve cell viability. This study used lyophilized and pulverized coffee pulp (LPC) and LPC functionalized with theobromine at two concentrations, 3.1 w/w and 2.4 w/w named as LPF1 and LPF2, respectively, to immobilize Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 cells (biomaterials) and increase the viability of the cell at storage and gastrointestinal conditions. To characterize the biomaterials, SEM, Dynamic Light Scattering, TGA, , FTIR and Isoeletrc Point measurements (or zeta potential measurements) were carried out. To evaluate the effectiveness of immobilization, cell viability as a function of storage time and under simulated gastrointestinal conditions was evaluated. Regarding the characterization of the materials, the particle sizes were 21.7 to 334.4 nm and they experienced mass losses of less than 10% at 100 °C. The FTIR indicated the presence of functional groups related to caffeine, chlorogenic acid, sucrose, arabinogalactans, carbohydrates, and proteins in all biomaterials. The sorption kinetic parameters showed an adsorptive capacity between 3.0 × 109 and 8.0 × 109 CFU/g, being LPF1 the best materials to immobilize the cells, associated with LPF1 surface properties. The viability was higher for immobilized cells than for free cells, when left in storage and under simulated gastric conditions. Finally, the biomaterials could be used in the preparation of probiotic diets based on lactobacilli. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study regarding the use of waste from coffee agribusiness to develop probiotic biocarriers which opens up possibilities for future developments.

Protective Effect of Monoterpene Isoespintanol in a Rat Model of Prediabetes Induced by Fructose.

A high-fructose diet (HFD) induces murine alterations like those recorded in human prediabetes. Protective effects of isoespintanol (monoterpene isolated from Oxandra cf. xylopioides) on changes induced by HFD were evaluated. Animals were maintained for 21 days with a standard diet (C), 10% fructose (F), and F plus isoespintanol (FI, 10 mg/kg, i.p.). Glycemia, triglyceridemia, total and HDL-cholesterol, and insulin resistance index (IRX) were determined. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IGTT) was performed. In the liver, we measured glycogen, lipogenic gene expression (SREBP-1c, GPAT, FAS, and CPT1), oxidative stress (GSH and 3'-nitrotyrosine content), inflammation markers (iNOS, TNF-α, and PAI-1 gene expression; iNOS and COX-2 protein levels), p-eNOS, p-Akt, and p-GSK3ß protein levels. Isoespintanol corrected enhanced triglycerides, lipogenic genes, and IRX, and reduced HDL-cholesterol induced by HFD. Increased liver glycogen and inflammatory markers and decreased GSH, p-Akt, and p-GSK3ß measured in F rats were reversed by isoespintanol, and p-eNOS/e-NOS and iNOS/GADPH ratios were normalized. Isoespintanol restored glucose tolerance (IGTT) compared to F rats. These results demonstrate for the first time that isoespintanol prevents endocrine-metabolic alterations induced by HFD in prediabetic rats. These effects could be mediated by Akt/eNOS and Akt/GSK3ß pathways, suggesting its possible use as a therapeutic tool for the prevention of diabetes at early stages of its development (prediabetes).

Antioxidants from Hyeronima macrocarpa Berries Loaded on Nanocellulose: Thermal and Antioxidant Stability.

This study investigated the effect of different storage temperatures (35-55 °C) on the bioactive substances and antioxidant properties of Hyeronima macrocarpa berries loaded on nanocellulose. NC was extracted from banana pseudo-stems and presented an interesting surface and porosity properties. The acidified ethanol extract showed better anthocyanin extraction (1317 mg C3G eq./100 g FW) and was used for the preparation of the powdered product, which presented an intense and uniform magenta color, with CIELAB parameters of L* = 59.16, a* = 35.61, and b* = 7.08. The powder exhibited significant stability at storage temperatures of 35 and 45 °C, in which there was no significant loss of anthocyanins or a decrease in antioxidant capacity. In addition, the color was stable for up to 4 months without adding any preservative agent. The anthocyanin-rich extract of H. macrocarpa reached an estimated shelf-life of 315 days (stored at 35 °C), as a result of the impregnation process between the extract and NC, with the ability to protect the bioactives from degradation, due to NC surface properties.

Evaluation of the effect of conventional and natural antifungals on motility and kinetics of cooled stallion semen.

Microbial growth in semen may cause a decline of sperm quality and fertility; however, the addition of antifungals to semen extender has been shown to impair the overall fertility of the sperm. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of conventional and natural compounds, and their effect on the motility and kinetics of cooled stallion semen. A total of 15 ejaculates from five stallions were collected using the artificial vagina. Each ejaculate was supplemented with: fluconazole at 12.5 (F1), 25 (F2) and 50 (F3) mg/ml; amphotericin-B at 6.5 (A1), 12.5 (A2) and 25 (A3) mg/ml (A3); clotrimazole at 12.5 (C1), 25 (C2) and 50 (C3) mg/ml; isoespintanol at 50 (I1), 100 (I2) and 150 (I3) µM; thymol at 50 (T1), 100 (T2) and 150 (T3) µM; and a control without supplementation. Motility and kinetics of semen at 0, 24 and 48 hr of cooling at 15°C were assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). At hour 48 of cooling, the antifungal effect of the treatments was evaluated. At hour 0 of cooling, amphotericin-B and I3 showed a reduction in most of the motility and kinetic parameters evaluated (p < .05). These treatments, and also C2 and C3, showed similar results at 24 and 48 hr of cooling. Thymol maintained motility and kinetics of the spermatozoa at all evaluated refrigeration times. Besides, I2 showed a decrease (p < .05) in the colony-forming unit compared to that in the control. It is concluded that thymol and isospintanol could be added as natural antifungals in extenders for stallion semen refrigeration.

Cryoprotective Effects of Ergothioneine and Isoespintanol on Canine Semen.

Sperm undergo oxidative stress due to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during cryopreservation. Some unconventional natural antioxidants can reduce ROS-induced changes in cryopreserved canine sperm. This study aimed to identify the cryoprotective effects of ergothioneine and isoespintanol on the quality of thawed canine semen. Twelve ejaculates from six dogs were cryopreserved in a tris-yolk extender without (control) or with 50 (E50), 100 (E100), or 150 (E150) µM ergothioneine or 20 (I20), 40 (I40), or 60 (I60) µM isoespintanol. We evaluated the motility and kinetics of thawed sperm using computerized analysis; determined morphology by eosin-nigrosin staining; functional membrane integrity using hypoosmotic tests, and structural membrane and acrosome integrity; mitochondrial membrane potential by fluorescence microscopy; and ROS production by spectrophotometry. Data were statistically analyzed using mixed models and Tukey tests. E100 increased total (60.6% vs. 49.6%) and progressive (26.4% vs. 20.1%) motility, straight line velocity (41.3 vs. 35.9 µm/s), and rapid sperm (17.6% vs. 12.3%) compared with controls. However, E150 reduced the numbers of hyperactive sperm. E100, I40, and I60 reduced the abnormal morphology and ROS production, and all concentrations of both antioxidants increased acrosomal integrity. We concluded that ergothioneine and isoespintanol reduce deleterious sperm alterations and oxidative stress in thawed canine semen.

Evaluación oxidativa, microbiológica, sensorial y perfil de ácidos grasos de un yogur con ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) extraído de aceite de microalgas / Oxidative, sensory and fatty acid profile evaluation of a yogurt with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) extracted from microalgae oil

RESUMEN Las necesidades de ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA), se incrementan en la mujer gestante para el desarrollo visual y neurológico del feto y el lactante. En este trabajo, se desarrolló y se evaluó un yogur adicionado con aceite de microalgas, que contribuyera a la recomendación dietaria de DHA en mujeres gestantes y lactantes. Se diseñaron tres formulaciones de yogur con 0,075; 0,125 y 0,175% de aceite de microalga y se compararon con una muestra control. Se evaluaron propiedades fisicoquímicas, sensoriales, microbiológicas, perfil de ácidos grasos, potencial antioxidante (ABTS, fenoles totales) y peroxidación lipídica (sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico [TBARS]). Los yogures adicionados con el aceite de microalga cubrieron en 30, 45 y 63% las recomendaciones de DHA para mujeres gestantes y lactantes por porción (200 mL). Se observó estabilidad del ácido graso, excepto en la muestra de mayor adición del aceite. La muestra con adición de 0,125% de aceite de microalga fue la de mejor calificación por el panel sensorial. Todas las muestras cumplieron con el estándar microbiológico y fisicoquímico para un yogur entero adicionado con dulce. Se observó potencial antioxidante promisorio en el yogur, capaz de proteger el DHA. Se concluye que las bebidas lácteas como el yogur son matrices adecuadas para la adición de aceite de microalga con la finalidad de aumentar el DHA en la dieta, especialmente en etapas en que las necesidades de este componente son más altas, como en periodo de gestación y lactancia.

ABSTRACT The needs for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are increased during pregnancy for the visual and neurological development of the fetus and the breastfed infant. In this study, a yogurt with microalgae oil added to contribute to the dietary recommendation of DHA in pregnant and breastfeeding women was developed and evaluated. Three yogurt formulations were designed with 0.075; 0.125 and 0.175 microalgae oil percentage and compared with a control sample. Fatty acid profile, antioxidant potential (ABTS, total phenols), lipid peroxidation (thiobarbitrical acid reactive substances [TBARS]), physicochemical, sensory, and microbiological properties were evaluated. Yogurts with microalgae oil added covered 30, 45 and 63% of DHA recommendations for pregnant and breastfeeding women per portion (200 mL). Fat acid stability was observed, except in the one with the greatest oil addition. The sample with 0.125% of microalgae oil added was rated the highest by the sensory panel. All samples met the microbiological and physicochemical standard for a whole yogurt added with sugar. Promising antioxidant potential capable of protecting DHA was observed in the yogurt. We conclude that dairy drinks such as yogurt are suitable matrices for adding microalgae oil in order to increase DHA in the diet, especially in stages where the needs of this component are higher as is the case during pregnancy and lactation periods.

Optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenol, mangiferin, and its antioxidant expressionin mango peel (Mangifera indica) using response surface methodology.

BACKGROUND: Emerging extraction techniques for bioactive compounds have been cataloged as efficient and cost effective compared to conventional ones. The objective of this research was to define the time and temperature that will guarantee a higher mangiferin content and antioxidant potential in Colombian Criollo mango peel through Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE). METHODS: To find the optimal extraction conditions, response surface methodology was used, proposing a 32 factorial experimental design having as response variables the content of mangiferin and total phenols, and the antioxidant activity measured through ABTS and ORAC techniques. RESULTS: According to the results obtained, the R2 values were in accordance with the adjusted R2 values, showing that the data fit the model well. The results showed that both time and temperature had a significant effect on all the variables evaluated (p < 0.05). The optimization of multiple responses showed that the optimal extraction conditions were 10 min and 54°C; these values were performed experimentally to compare theoretical values, finding percentages of standard residual error of less than 5%. CONCLUSIONS: This allows the conclusion that the optimal parameters of temperature and time in ultrasound- assisted extraction were defined in Criollo mango peel. On the other hand, the peel showed a considerable metabolite content and antioxidant activity, suggesting it as a possible functional additive in the production of juices, nectars, and other mango-based products.

Isoespintanol, a monoterpene isolated from oxandra cf xylopioides, ameliorates the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by AKT/PKCε/eNOS-dependent pathways.

PURPOSE: To determine the actions of isoespintanol (Isoesp) on post-ischemic myocardial and mitochondrial alterations. METHODS: Hearts removed from Wistar rats were perfused by 20 min. After this period, the coronary flow was interrupted by half an hour and re-established during 1 h. In the treated group, Isoesp was administered at the beginning of reperfusion. To assess the participation of ε isoform of protein kinase C (PKCε), protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), hearts were treated with Isoesp plus the respective inhibitors (chelerythrine, wortmannin, and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester). Cell death was determined by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining technique. Post-ischemic recovery of contractility, oxidative stress, and content of phosphorylated forms of PKCε, Akt, and eNOS were also examined. Mitochondrial state was assessed through the measurement of calcium-mediated response, calcium retention capacity, and mitochondrial potential. RESULTS: Isoesp limited cell death, decreased post-ischemic dysfunction and oxidative stress, improved mitochondrial state, and increased the expression of PKCε, Akt, and eNOS phosphorylated. All these beneficial effects achieved by Isoesp were annulled by the inhibitors. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that activation of Akt/eNOS and PKCε signaling pathways are involved in the development of Isoesp-induced cardiac and mitochondria tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion.

Effect of mango (Mangifera indica) cv. azúcar juice consumption on plasma antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress biomarkers / Efecto del consumo del jugo de mango (Mangifera indica) variedad azúcar sobre la capacidad antioxidante del plasma y biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo

Background: Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the world's most consumed fruit, and it is also a rich source of antioxidants that may prevent oxidative stress. Objectives: This study aimed to determine if mango (cv. Azúcar) juice can improve the antioxidant status of healthy individuals with low consumption of vegetables and fruit. Methods: This was a cross-over single-blind study carried out with 16 healthy individuals for 73 days. Participants were randomly assigned to either a mango juice period or a placebo period. Total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, mangiferin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total glutathione, and 8 hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels were determined in plasma. Results: Plasma antioxidant activity was significantly higher in the juice consumption period than the placebo consumption period; however, total phenolic content, total glutathione, TBARS, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels did not show significant differences between juice period and placebo period. Mangiferin was detected in every participant after juice consumption. Conclusions: Mango (cv. Azúcar) juice daily consumption improves plasma antioxidant capacity.

Antecedentes: El mango (Mangifera indica L.) es una de las frutas más consumidas en el mundo y también es una fuente rica en antioxidantes los cuales pueden prevenir el estrés oxidativo. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si el mango (c.v Azúcar) puede mejorar el estado antioxidante de individuos sanos con un bajo consumo de frutas y vegetales. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cruzado, simple-ciego en 16 individuos sanos durante 73 días. Los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente al período del consumo del jugo o del placebo. Se determinó el contenido fenólico total, la capacidad antioxidante y los niveles de sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbiturico (TBARS), mangiferina, glutatión total y 8-hidroxi-guanosina, en el plasma obtenido de los participantes. Resultados: La capacidad antioxidante en plasma fue mayor en el período del consumo del jugo en comparación con el período del consumo del placebo; sin embargo, el contenido fenólico total, y los niveles de glutation total, 8-hidroxideoxiguanosina y TBARS no mostraron diferencias significativas entre el período del jugo y el período del placebo. La mangiferina se detectó en todos los individuos después del consumo del jugo. Conclusiones: El consumo diario de jugo de mango variedad Azúcar mejora la capacidad antioxidante en plasma.

Vinegar of andean berries (Vaccinium meridionale SW): antioxidant and antiproliferative activity in colon cancer cells SW480 / Vinagre de bayas andinas (Vaccinium meridionale SW): actividad antioxidante y antiproliferativa en células de cáncer de colón SW480

Background:Vaccinium meridionale produces fruits with a high content of anthocyanins and polyphenols with great antioxidant capacity. Objective: produce vinegar from V. meridionale alcoholic beverages and to determine the content of bioactive antioxidant compounds, antioxidant capacity, and cytotoxic activity on colorectal cancer cells. Methods: Wine and vinegar samples were obtained by fermentation of V. meridionale berries juice, using three extractive processes: mechanical maceration (MAC), preheating to 80°C (CAL) and a combination of both (MIX). During acetic fermentation, titratable acidity and acetic acid content were evaluated. Fermentation progress was recorded and compared by measuring the antioxidant potential by DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC. Polyphenols, anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamic acids were quantified. Finally, the antiproliferative activity of vinegar was evaluated in SW480 colon cancer cells. Results: In acetic fermentation, yield and productivity were independent of extraction, indicating that they do not affect the biotransformation of alcohol into vinegar. The alcoholic beverages showed the highest antioxidant activity; after acetic fermentation, a decrease in antioxidant potential was observed in all three extractive processes evaluated. The different vinegar obtained by CAL and MIX, showed the highest values of antioxidant activity, polyphenols, and anthocyanins. The inhibition of the antiproliferative activity of vinegar was dose-dependent and showed an IC50 of 536 µg/mL. Conclusions: The vinegar prepared from V. meridionale berries presented an outstanding antioxidant and antiproliferative activity. The reason is the contents of bioactive compounds and their antioxidant power, which may contribute to chemoprevention in secondary cancer prevention.

Antecedentes: Vaccinium meridionale produce frutos con alto contenido en antocianinas y polifenoles con elevada capacidad antioxidante. Objetivo: Producir vinagre a partir de bebidas alcohólicas de V. meridionale y determinar el contenido de compuestos bioactivos antioxidantes, capacidad antioxidante y actividad citotóxica sobre células de cáncer colorrectal. Métodos: Muestras de Vino y vinagre fueron obtenidas mediante fermentación del jugo de V. meridionale, usando tres procesos extractivos: maceración mecánica (MAC), precalentamiento a 80 °C (CAL) y una combinación de ambos (MIX). En la fermentación acética fueron evaluadas la acidez titulable y el contenido de ácido acético. Se registró y comparó la evolución de la fermentación midiendo el potencial antioxidante por DPPH, FRAP y ORAC. Se cuantificaron los polifenoles, antocianinas y ácidos hidroxicinámicos. Finalmente, la actividad antiproliferativa del vinagre fue evaluada en células de cáncer de colon SW480. Resultados: En la fermentación acética, el rendimiento y la productividad fueron independientes de la extracción indicando que no afectan la biotransformación del alcohol en vinagre. Las bebidas alcohólicas mostraron la mayor actividad antioxidante, después de la fermentación acética se observó una disminución del potencial antioxidante en los tres procesos extractivos evaluados. Los vinagres obtenidos por CAL y MIX, presentaron los mayores valores de actividad antioxidante, polifenoles y antocianinas. La inhibición de la actividad antiproliferativa del vinagre fue dosis dependiente y mostró un IC50 de 536 µg/mL. Conclusiones: El vinagre preparado a partir de bayas de V. meridionale presentó una excelente actividad antioxidante y antiproliferativa debido al contenido de compuestos bioactivos y poder antioxidante que puede contribuir a la quimioprevención en la prevención secundaria del cáncer.

Antioxidant capacity, bioactive compounds in coffee pulp and implementation in the production of infusions.

BACKGROUND: The main by-product of the coffee production chain is pulp; if it is not properly disposed of, it represents a serious environmental problem. Some studies suggest that this pulp can be used as a source of important compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of bioactive compounds present in coffee pulps and also to prepare a functional drink-type infusion to propose an alternative use of this by-product. METHODS: In coffee pulps (Coffea arabica, var. Colombia and Caturra), the effect of the tem- perature and the extraction type over the content of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, condensed tannins and phenolic acids were determined. Moreover, the antioxidant activity by ABTS, ORAC and FRAP methodolo- gies. With the best pulp, an infusion-type hot drink was prepared at 80°C. Finally, sensory assessment was performed. RESULTS: The best conditions to perform the metabolite extraction were room temperature and HCl 1%. The highest trapping capacity of the cationic radical ABTS+* was 24 782.93 μmol Trolox Equivalent per 100 g of pulp, ORAC 57 087.82 μmol Trolox Equivalent per 100 g of pulp and FRAP 806.93 mg of ascorbic acid equivalent per 100 g of pulp. For the infusion preparation, two drying methods were used – stove and lyophi- lization, and overall the best results correspond to the infusions prepared with the lyophilized plant material. This material also had good overall scores in the sensory test (3.51 to 4.04 on a scale of 1 to 5) been the taste most appreciated by the panelists. CONCLUSIONS: The bioactive compound concentration and the antioxidant activity of the coffee pulp suggest that waste can be used as a raw material for the preparation of functional foods, because the values found are similar or greater than those found in other drinks and fruits consumed commercially.

Dual-Purpose Materials Based on Carbon Xerogel Microspheres (CXMs) for Delayed Release of Cannabidiol (CBD) and Subsequent Aflatoxin Removal.

The main objective of this study is to develop a novel dual-purpose material based on carbon xerogel microspheres (CXMs) that permits the delayed release of cannabidiol (CBD) and the removal of aflatoxin. The CXMs were prepared by the sol-gel method and functionalized with phosphoric acid (CXMP) and melamine (CXMN). The support and the modified materials were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption at -196 °C, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and zeta potential. For the loading of the cannabidiol (CBD) in the porous samples, batch-mode adsorption experiments at 25 °C were performed, varying the concentration of CBD. The desorption kinetics was performed at two conditions for simulating the gastric (pH of 2.1) and intestinal (pH of 7.4) conditions at 37 °C based on in vitro CBD release. Posteriorly, the samples obtained after desorption were used to study aflatoxin removal, which was evaluated through adsorption experiments at pH = 7.4 and 37 °C. The adsorption isotherms of CBD showed a type I(b) behavior, with the adsorbed uptake being higher for the support than for the modified materials with P and N. Meanwhile, the desorption kinetics of CBD at gastric conditions indicated release values lower than 8%, and the remaining amount was desorbed at pH = 7.4 in three hours until reaching 100% based on the in vitro experiments. The results for aflatoxin showed total removal in less than 30 min for all the materials evaluated. This study opens a broader landscape in which to develop dual-purpose materials for the delayed release of CBD, improving its bioavailability and allowing aflatoxin removal in gastric conditions.

Immobilization of Andean berry (Vaccinium meridionale) polyphenols on nanocellulose isolated from banana residues: A natural food additive with antioxidant properties.

Nanocellulose obtained from banana rachis (NCBR) was loaded (through simple impregnation) with a polyphenolic-rich extract (PRE) of Andean berries (Vaccinium meridionale). The adsorption/desorption of polyphenols onto NCBR and the thermal stability and antioxidant activity of the polyphenolic-NCBR nanocomplex (NCX) was studied. Thermodynamic properties (ΔH°ads, ΔS°ads and ΔG°ads) showed that polyphenols interact with NCBR by physisorption through a spontaneous and exothermic process. The NCX kept the original color of PRE (magenta) and released polyphenols in aqueous medium (80% of phenolic compounds in the first hour and 50% of anthocyanins in the first few minutes). The NCX showed high antioxidant activity, as evidenced by traditional assays, and inhibited the peroxyl radicals mediated oxidation of a tryptophan-containing peptide. Additionally, NCX inhibited lipid peroxidation in an emulsified system of Sacha inchi oil exposed to accelerated oxidative conditions. In conclusion, the NCX showed good properties as an antioxidant with potential use as a food additive.